Impact of e-commerce strategies on Easyjet Sales The WritePass Journal

Impact of e-commerce strategies on Easyjet Sales Introduction: Impact of e-commerce strategies on Easyjet Sales Introduction:Approaches focussed:Divisions of approaches and applies: Merits and demerits of approaches:ConclusionReferenceRelated Introduction: Easy jet is an European airline which was launched in 1995 by its founder Greekcy Priot   Stelios Haji-Loannou. It was started with two wet leased Boeing like 737-200 aircrafts and today it operates 196 aircrafts with 20 buses all over around the Europe. It carried 45.2 million passengers in the year of 2009 which made it as a second largest low cost European airline behind Ryanair. In 2002, Easy jet bought London Stansted based Go airline  £ 374 million (easy-jet.com). Go was the low cost scheduled passenger airline which provides service within the Europe. The main reason behind this acquisition was profitable and established airline with strong growing aspects that reveals a year to year increase of 232 per cent. Nearly 90% of sales in Easy jet are online from this website. There are two significant features based on its success are: low price and E- commerce strategies .The purpose of this Easy jet‘s, online the presence of information’s and procedures to sketch and propose suggestion on the progression involved in creating a booming online presence( David Cynthia1999). Apart from this it will define its approaches for its significant success of industry. In this paper, we will first discuss about the approaches and it applies. Then based on PESETEL framework we will find out the reason for applying. And in final the merits and demerits approaches in order to discuss about the alternatives approaches for easy jet. The above figure shows out about the airlines point which tells the increasing and decreasing of online analysis. As airline industry it was first an upstart one which later tipped to be failed later (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2008). An online pamphlet website is debatably best than anything. For instance, to attain more profit many organizations presence the society, community, discussion and contented into Easy jet online website [1]Camerer, C, (1985),. No wonder that, easy jet online sales strategy has made a significant success. Based on this success strategy we will see the two main approaches which are used in this research are: internal company and external company. This approaches precepts more preparation, planning and ideas with precise and clear understanding to reach the perfect goals of company strategy. In order to bud a better online sales we need to concentrate in certain task like forecasting, ease of steering, a well-built reception, implementing text with suitab ility for web, advertising , testing and accessing the goal for   success way. Approaches focussed: For example, the internalities of company can be focussed in terms by (i) Direct sales approach (ii) website designs and merges. Whereas   the externalities of companies like (i) density (ii) attraction of point to point networks towards consumers (iii) increasing in confidentiality and (iv) strong intense towards brand and advertising. Based on the above approaches we can define the following aspects into ten divisions. Divisions of approaches and applies: First of all Easy jet concepts is to provide a low fare for the route and optimise the saving cost methods. This is the main advantages for the easy jet in terms of comparison with other competitors because it does not consists of any luxury acts in terms of high class seat and all it just provides everything in a simple pricing structure. For example, if you book the tickets earlier you need to pay less. This attracts the consumers in terms of gaining a sensible price( Tony Morden 1993). Secondly, selling the tickets in online reduces the customers to get rid of from the counter because they are booking the tickets through email. So just an confirmation number is needed on screen, so that more complex issues in fulfilment of sales to distribution or warehouse, logistics to worry about the sale that had happened (Pritchard, 2002). Thirdly, Easy jet does not utilize outsourcing approach as it applies a direct sales strategy. For example, the customers directly pay with the payments so no commissions and intermediaries problems in terms of extra pay so that, the increases in sale of internet pay will be more than before at the same time. Fourthly, the website designs are appropriate. For example, it is mentioned in the case study that orange colour is necessary for the convenience of customers. This can avoid the wrong booking date and spell by the customers in rather terms of implying the correct low cost ticket( Pritchard , 2002); instead of high design the website mainly focuses on the speed and simplicity so that , they can efficiently provide good services to the customers. The below figure tells the seat rates when the customers books ticket earlier. These are also efficient in customer service. Fifthly, Easy jet pushes out the sales percentage of an internet penetration through the way of carrots and sticks. Carrot means to attract the customers in the guise of discounts and inventory which were booked in a online. Stick means to restrict the flights available to customers on a phone which applies a simple price structure. The more the early they book the less will the cost for the tickets. This provides a milestone like millions seats which were sold online to attract the consumer.   Sixthly, the customers confidences are increased when they book in the online it ensure the security to the data. This reaches the high brand in terms of awareness with consumers and supported by innovative advertising ( Easy jet 2002) . To ensure such type of the security we have to store the customer data in a web platform (Pritchard, 2002).   Seventhly, Easy jet applies to the Microsoft technologies which are more convenient, affordable, ease and focusing resources on a single skill to support the business need. Eighthly, Easy jet merged with go and working on full support in order to jump it as a transaction volume. It applies a great stress and capacity planning to ensure its ready in terms of volume (Pritchard 2002). Ninthly ,According to Easy jet annual report of 2002/2003 it utilise the dense point to pint the network with link major airports with an large attachments areas , so it remains in high level frequency for business and leisure travellers. In this consumers will be more for online booking. Finally, Easy Jet is busy working on intranet projects discussion forums, feedback forms, so the senior managers know about staff’s intensity (Pritchard, 2002). This approach makes employee relations in an effective way and void industrial action (e.g. Cabin Crew strikes) and interrupted operations. Over view of PESTEL analysis: Political factors: it decides the deregulation of European flight market in 1997, theResult for this is any airline can operate any route within the European Union. Before, the market for flight was largely controlled by the governments of European countries, trying to secure their respective national carriers market share (Geiger et al., 2009). According to The Times, the development of freedom of movement and trade in the European Union has led to greater levels of completion on European routes coupled with increased movement of people. These enable Easy Jet to offer the route between any point in the European Union. For example the countries like Iraq with an unstable political Environment may cause restrictions and the uncertainty of air travellers; the United Kingdom and European countries have a stable political environment. Economic factors: Back to 1998 the Easy Jet applied E- commerce strategy, as the world economy grew and the development of global economy, the demand of air travels increased rapidly. But the cost of fuel has increased recent years, therefore efficient financial management of fuel reserves including trading with options and futures is getting more and more important to keep cost down and be competitive in the market place. And because the global economy recession, the air travel is affected, but on the other hand easy Jet focus on Low cost strategy which became attractive to travellers. Social factors: Lifestyle, tastes and fashions are all changing; customers require opportunities to visit new and interesting, haul, destination (Oxford IS, 2010).Because of this economy recession the number of unemployment has increased and the bargaining power as an employer has increased. So low fare air travel has a significant travellers. So it is important to ensure customer comfortableness. Technological factors: There are two main technology issues involved: modern aircraft and Internet technology. According to the Times, modern aircraft are safer and economic to run in cheap as possible. With the development of Internet, airlines can easily realize direct Sale approach, and also it takes benefits to both customers and the company. For the customers, it would be efficient and easy to purchase the tickets and confirm through email. In same time we can book hotels and other things. As a result, it improves the customer satisfaction in terms of convenience. Environment factors: The company needs to pay attention to the noise pollution control and energy consumption control that required by the government, and it may increase the operation cost. Consumers are becoming aware of the environmental impact of their actions (British Airway, 2009) and it started to get increase among them. So the failure of adopting a protect environment strategy may affect the company income and reputation. Legal factors: According to Open Skies Agreement (AEA, 2009), it provides the opportunity for airlines freely transport between the European Union and the Unite State. It increases the opportunity for easy Jet to expense the network and attract more travellers. The recognition of trade unions and industrial action (e.g. Cabin Crew strikes) is an important issue the company needs to pay attention to. So it is necessary for the company to know the feeling of staffs to remain good employee relations. Through the PESTEL analysis we can find that the approaches of Easy Jet has used in the creation of online sale which are suitable for the vision of the company. This develops the strength of largest low cost airline in European country (Easy Jet, 2003). Merits and demerits of approaches: Figure 1 and 2 illustrates the financial performance of Easy Jet since 2000 to 2010. The strategies applied have made a positive impaction on the sales and the number of passengers’ increases every year, especially in 2003 after merging with Go. I think there are five main advantages by applying the approaches: more customers, customer satisfaction, wider geography, high efficiency and cost saving. Through the low strategy planning the Easy jet wins in terms of quality. To access the online booking of Easy jet it is very simple and also customer can book hotel and transport through this website while booking the tickets. It offers a better and convenient service to customer which can increase the customer satisfaction. As Easy Jet maximize the using of e-commerce, it enables a wider geography for the tickets that can be booked online.. For example, customer can get all the travel information such as time, price, and so on the Internet, so the call centre agent does not need to cover each Item for every customer. It saves the workload of the company and makes more efficient. As this applied for the direct sale approach and the majority sale of tickets is through Internet, the cost for operation is been decreased. It needs not to be re-located to a larger facility .Through these approaches we have made a big success but there are some disadvantages which needs to pay attention like offer of low fare tickets, fuel prices increase, and this will affect the profit from the increased fuel costs. As we know, 90% of sales are generated from its website, so Internet and information system play a very important roles for the sale. It will be a disaster if the system crash or customers cannot access Internet, as the company would face big loss and impact the reputation of company. To void such disadvantages, the alternative approach is to reinforce the distributors to balance the ticket sale approaches. Instead of direct sale and sale most of the tickets through Internet, Easy jet can apply outsourcing strategy to corporate with intermediaries. With a balance tick ets sale system, the risk and loss will be minimized when the internet system does not work. Conclusion Thus from the above case study and analysis we conclude that   Easy Jet has become one of the largest low cost airlines in Europe with 90% sale online. And through this case study, we can also notice that information system has a significant impact on the process of strategy management. Based on the case study, we can conclude that there are three aspects that information system affects strategic management: reach new customers, Easy Jet applied online ticket sail which helps to reach wider geography customers. The business information is processed efficiently and lower cost for the operation change the industry structure, the fast and accurate information can affect the industry structure, especially when high information content is required. For instance, the information system does not need to establish new call centres for the increasing sale. So the provision of effective information system is therefore an important part of the corporate strategic task (Lynch, 2006). Reference Camerer, C, (1985), â€Å"Redirecting Research in Business Policy and Strategy†, Journal of Strategic Management, Volume 6. Harvard business review. (1999). Corporate strategy . Harvard business school press Johnson, G. , Scholes, K. Richard Whittington (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Pearson Education. Lynch, R. (2006). Corporate Strategy. 4th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Easy Jet. (2011). Easy Jet to become North West’s largest airline – Over 4 million passengers a year.easyjet.com/EN/News/largest_airline_in_the_north_west.html. Accessed 27.02.11. Easy Jet. (2011). Low cost, care and convenience. http://corporate.easyjet.com/en/about†easyjet.aspx. Accessed 27.02.11. The Times. (2011). Economic conditions. thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theory†Ã¢â‚¬ economic†conditions†Ã¢â‚¬ 362.php. Accessed   28.02.11. Oxford Information Services. (2010). An analysis of British Airways Marketing Environment. coursework.biz/Essays/University/Business_Studies/115/. Accessed 28.02.11. British Airways. (2009). Strategic Report 2009. scribd.com/doc/23329171/British†Airways†Strategic†Plan. Accessed 02.03.11. Reachlive. (2002). Interview with Simon Pritchard of easyJet. reachlive.net/interviews/Q4†02/Simon_Pritchard.htm. Accessed 02.03.11 Tony Morden (1993).Business strategy and Planning. McGraw- hill book company ltd. [/level-freee-rstricted]

How to Work Mass Percent Problems in Chemistry

How to Work Mass Percent Problems in Chemistry Chemistry involves mixing one substance with another and observing the results. To replicate the results, its important to measure amounts carefully and record them. Mass percent is one form of measurement used in chemistry; understanding mass percent is important for accurately reporting in chemistry labs. What Is Mass Percent? Mass percent is a method of expressing the concentration of a substance in a mixture or element in a compound. It is calculated as the mass of the component divided by the total mass of the mixture and then multiplied by 100 to get the percent. The formula is: mass percent (mass of component / total mass) x 100% or mass percent (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100% Usually, mass is expressed in grams, but any unit of measure is acceptable as long as you use the same units for both the component or solute mass and the total or solution mass. Mass percent is also known as percent by weight or w/w%.  This worked example problem shows the steps necessary to calculate mass percent composition. Mass Percent Problem In this procedure, we will work out the answer to the question What are the mass percentages of carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide, CO2? Step 1: Find the mass of the individual atoms. Look up the atomic masses for carbon and oxygen from the Periodic Table. Its a good idea at this point to settle on the number of significant figures youll be using.  The atomic masses are found to be: C is 12.01 g/molO is 16.00 g/mol Step 2: Find the number of grams of each component make up one mole of  CO2. One mole of CO2 contains 1 mole of carbon atoms and 2 moles of oxygen atoms. 12.01 g (1 mol) of C32.00 g (2 mole x 16.00 gram per mole) of O The mass of one mole of CO2 is: 12.01 g 32.00 g 44.01 g Step 3: Find the mass percent of each atom. mass % (mass of component/mass of total) x 100 The mass percentages of the elements are: For Carbon: mass % C (mass of 1 mol of carbon/mass of 1 mol of CO2)  x 100mass % C (12.01 g / 44.01 g) x 100mass % C   27.29 % For Oxygen: mass % O (mass of 1 mol of oxygen/mass of 1 mol of CO2)  x 100mass % O (32.00 g / 44.01 g) x 100mass % O 72.71 % Solution mass % C 27.29 %mass % O 72.71 % When doing mass percent calculations, it is always a good idea to check to make sure your mass percents add up to 100%. This will help catch any math errors. 27.29 72.71 100.00 The answers add up to 100% which is what was expected. Tips for Success Calculating Mass Percent You wont always be given the total mass of a mixture or solution. Often, youll need to add up the masses. This might not be obvious! You may be given mole fractions or moles and then need to convert to a mass unit.Watch your significant figures!Always make sure the sum of the mass percentages of all components adds up to 100%. If it doesnt, then you need to go back and find your mistake.

Nigeria - oil war Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nigeria - oil war - Assignment Example According to Frynas (158) the pollution of the environment through the extraction of oil in Nigeria has been the leading cause of the human rights abuses and environmental abuse in the Niger Delta. In this essay it is the aim of the research to examine and analyze how the oil industry in Nigeria has been the source of various conflicts and how the oil companies in Niger Delta have devastated the environment especially of the Ogoni lands. To achieve the goal of analyzing the environmental devastation of the Ogoni lands in the Niger Delta, I have organized this paper into five sections. The first section will be looking at the background and the history of the Ogoni land and their conflicts with the oil corporations operating within the contested area. Under this first section, further sub-sections will look at the background of the environmental resource that is being examined; the human rights issues that are the center of the conflict and the history of the inhabitants of the Ogoni land; and the location of the resource that is being evaluated will be explained. ... Under the international policies, governance and legislation several factors will be put into consideration including the specific policies and that are in place to regulate the resource around the Niger Delta and how the regime in the area was formed together with the structure put in place for the policies to work. Relevant international laws and treaties will be used in order to clarify the topic at hand in relation to the conflict area. Under this section the last sub-section will be how the implementation of the international enforcements is being done and whether there are challenges that are being faced when implementing the various rights and treaties and if not if there are cases whereby the country is not honoring the treaties that have been set. The fourth section is the challenges and barriers that are in place that makes it difficult in finding a remedy and a solution to the conflicts being experienced in the Niger Delta. This section will include the identification of t he obstacles that are limits the problem solving and also whether there are theories that support these problems that hinder the remedy of the conflict. On top of the identification, an opinion concerning whether a shift in the consciousness of the public will be prudent or not will be discussed in this section. The last section which is the fifth section that the paper will analyze will be the policy recommendations that might be deemed best to help in reducing the conflict that is currently being experienced. In addition the opinions of the whether a new policy recommendation will be necessary during the implementation of the solutions to reduce the conflicts will be given in this section. After all the main sections

A Problem in a Real Organization in Kuwait Research Paper

A Problem in a Real Organization in Kuwait - Research Paper Example While social networks bloom globally and although it there is increased percentile of companies engaged in internet development, the technology experts in Kuwait were yet at that time evaluating the value of available ICT in the region (Li, Chau, & Lou, 2005; pp. 102-126). The study showed that on the use of IM application, which is one of the easiest ways for real-time instant messaging for Kuwaiti, proved that IM subscribers development, it to satisfy curiosity and to generate online friends (Li, Chau, & Lou, 2005; pp. 102-126). The internet connectivity was not immediately optimized as tool for business operation to hasten inter-departmental communication for ecology-friendly working places; for accessing more opportunities offshore; and for optimizing it for business transparency of companies to gain market credibility (Li, Chau, & Lou, 2005; pp. 102-126). In response to these challenges, the Kuwaiti academies have developed curriculum that teaches students about the multifarious use of information technology. Such strategically educated human resource about the relevance of ICT not only for instant message to gather friends and for curiosity, but also taught them how information superhighway developed convergence of people for intelligible utilization with user-friendly tools for coversion, interpretation, and integration of information., selection, conversion and interpretation facilities (Buabbas, 2006, pp. 1-18). Kuwaiti libraries were also developed for online and ICT instruction and research (Rogers, 2007, pp. 366-78).  

The Importance of Partnerships with Parents for All Aspects of the Childcare Service Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Partnerships with Parents for All Aspects of the Childcare Service Essay The partnership with parents is very important as it is the key to making sure that the children in my care get the best care available and are happy and settled in my setting. With the introduction of the Children Act in 1989 parents were given definite rights. This included being able to access information on their children’s progress and achievements in their setting and also a preference to parents as to which school they wanted their child to go to. Since the introduction of the EYFS in 2008, a clear framework has been put in place to foster partnerships between parents and all professionals, including childminders, pre-schools, nurseries and schools. The relationship between parents and childminders can be very close, parents will be coming into my home every day and it is important that I put this on a professional footing by having a Parental Involvement Policy that clearly states how the partnership between the parents and I will work. I will welcome all parents into my setting and encourage their involvement in order to ensure their child is comfortable enough to flourish into confident, happy individuals. The partnership with parents starts with the first initial enquiry / visit. I need to build a rapport with the parents by understanding their requirements both culturally, socially and any routines they have. I will always endeavour to accommodate a child’s routine and discuss with parents how this will be managed taking account of the children already in my care. Sometimes a compromise will need to be made, as long as this is agreed by all parties. Different cultures have different approaches to modesty, clothing, and the use of the toilet and hygiene arrangements. Some cultures have very specific guidelines on the preparation and storage of food and the type of food they eat. All these aspects need to be considered and discussed with the parent at the initial enquiry / visit stage. Once I have established the basic requirements of the parents I will draw up a contract with the parents for the care of their child/(ren). Before a child starts in my care I will want to have some settling in sessions. This is important to ensure that the child, parent and I can have some time to get to know each other and clarify any points regarding routine, specific needs and communication. There are many ways of communicating with parents, keeping a daily diary, telephone calls, email, a chat on collection or drop off and formalised parent meetings. A daily diary is particularly useful when children in my care are young and are still in appies, on formula milk, or being weaned, or just starting to feed themselves and / or not yet talking. Telephone calls or email communication is more likely to be an agreed regular communication in the evening or weekends. I would not envisage this being the preferred method of communication as face to face discussion would be more productive. I would propose to hold parents evenings, at least twice a year. The purpose of this would be to review the child’s progress, discuss any issues and plan for the coming six months.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Wife of Bath - Feminist or Anti-feminist?

In view of the fact that the Wife of Bath herself does seem to behave in the manner women are accused of behaving by the anti-feminist writers, it is not impossible that the Wife of Bath's Prologue could be considered a vehicle for the anti-feminist message under the guise of a seeming "feminist" exterior, since her confession is frequently self-incriminating (e.g. her treatment of her husbands, her tendency to "swere and lyen") and demonstrates the truth of the claims made by the anti-feminists even while she is disparaging them and making them look bad -- as in her claim that anti-feminist writers (specifically the "clerks", i.e. learned scholars) are revenging themselves on women because of their own sexual impotence that prevents them from enjoying "Venus werkes", which is rather acute psychological analysis on her part, and extremely persuasive, until one remembers that the clerks are right about her at least, if not about other "wives". Her arguments in favor of marriage, though demonstrating a hearty common sense, are also suspect -- while it is true that marriage peoples the earth and replenishes existing stocks of "virginitee", her own marriages do not seem to have produced any offspring, and while it may be "bet [...] to be wedded than to brinne", her marriages, despite her claim that "in wyfhod I wol use myn instrument", do not seem to have prevented her from "goon a-caterwaw[ing]" and by inference engaging in fornication ("I ne loved nevere by no discrecioun / But evere folwede myn appetit, / Al were he short, or long, or blak, or whit") [good], which is after all what marriage was, according to her, supposed to prevent. Moreover, from the account she gives of her marriages, it becomes increasingly obvious t... ... usual folk stereotypical anti-feminism is shown to be justified in at least her case, the absurdity of the more virulent breed of anti-feminism is made clear by Jankin's book of "wikked wives", an erudite, if rather motley, collection of what are mostly homicidally-inclined females (Clytemnestra, Livilla etc.) that he seems to regard, or at least claim to regard, as the norm. As a result, the Wife of Bath's Prologue should not be dismissed simply as "merely an attack on women and married life"; there is much more ambiguity involved, and it would be inadvisable to ignore the fact that it is primarily a brilliant character-study of an individual rather than a didactical anti-feminist treatise in disguise. Work Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed Mack, Maynard et al. W. W. Norton and Co. New York, NY. 1992.

Love Theme in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Love is the conquering theme in Pride and Prejudice. The love story between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Fitzwilliam Darcy gives rise to the theme that love can conquer over pride, prejudice, and even social hierarchies. Jane Austen uses the novel in order to propose that true love is precious and can conquer all things. Initially, Austen develops the theme by having love conquer Mr. Darcy’s pride. Mr. Darcy is at first cold and uninterested in the poor, socially inferior Ms. Bennet. He says, â€Å"She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me† (Austen 31). He scorns the ball at Meryton, and says it’s a waste of his time (Austen 32). Mr. Darcy’s affections though begin to change after Elizabeth comes to Netherfield Park in order to take care of her sister, Jane. The narrator states at this time, â€Å"He really believed, that were it not for the inferiority of her connections, he should be in some danger† (Austen 159). Mr. Darcy, surprisingly though, extends an offer of marriage to Elizabeth; He just proposes with the constant mention of how he is of higher standing, in so many ways, and how that this match is against his better judgment. Even while humbling himself to the point of asking a middle class woman to marry him, pride still exudes from his mouth. Ms. Bennet, needless to say, declines. This spurning of his proposal humbles him to the point where he once again asks for her hand, and this time humbly. Austen shows love and affection subduing the proud Mr. Darcy humbling him to the point where he would happily marry a middle class girl of greatly inferior social standing, reputation, and wealth. Secondly, Jane Austen shows love conquering over Elizabeth’s prejudice. For the entire first half of the book, Elizabeth loathes Darcy and his social class. She finds him and his class snobbish, pretentious, and prideful. Elizabeth unrightfully believes rumors about him coming from the untruthful Wickham, and does not let Darcy defend himself against them. Elizabeth’s prejudice starts to subside though after Darcy’s marriage proposal and she gradually starts to trust and admire him, especially after Mr. Darcy’s servant Mrs. Reynolds’s speaks so kindly of him (Austen 755). Elizabeth Bennet’s love for  Darcy grew greatly the more knowledge she gained about him, which coincidentally destroyed Elizabeth’s prejudice. Lastly, Elizabeth and Darcy break down huge social barriers in their marriage. This is seen in no greater of a way than in the confrontation between Elizabeth and Lady Catherine de Bourgh. The old lady cannot stand the fact that her well-groomed nephew wants to marry a poor pauper girl. She warns Elizabeth that if she were to marry Darcy that he would soon become the â€Å"contempt of the world† (Austen 1108). And not only does Mr. Darcy’s class object to the pairing, but Elizabeth’s own mother and father do not think it is possible that their daughter to marry that high into the social order (Austen 1173). The only reason this couple would have gotten together is love, and Austen is showing that love can overcome societal barriers. In conclusion, Jane Austen used the characters of Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, to show that true love outshines social acceptability, and overcomes pride and prejudice.

Limitations of 10th & 11th 5 Year Plan

The Eleventh Five Year Plan, which was approved by the National Development Council on 1 9 De cembe r 2 0 0 7 re a f f i rms thi s commi tment . It pro v i de s a comp r e h e n s i ve s t r a t e g y f o r i n c l u s i v e development, building on the growing strength of the economy, while also addressing weaknesses that have surfaced. Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002–2007) ? Providing gainful and high-quality employment at least to the addition to the labour force; ? All children in India in school by 2003; all children to complete 5 years of schooling by 2007. Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by at least 50% by 2007; ? Reduction in the decadal rate of population growth between 2001 and 2011 to 16. 2%;* ? Increase in Literacy Rates to 75 per cent within the Tenth Plan period (2002 – 2007) Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–2012) The eleventh plan has the following objectives: Education ? Reduce dropout rates of children from elementary school from 52. 2% in 2003-04 to 20% by 2011-12 ? Develop minimum standards of educational attainment in elementary school, and by regular testing monitor effectiveness of education to ensure quality ? Increase  literacy rate  for persons of age 7 years or above to 85% ? Lower gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage point ? Increase the percentage of each cohort going to higher education from the present 10% to 15% by the end of the plan Thrust Areas in the 10th Five Year Plan GENERAL : To achieve a profound transformation of higher education in order that it becomes an effective promoter of sustainable human development and at the same time, improves its relevance with closer links with the world of work and achieve quality in its teaching, research, business and community extension functions including life long learning. SPECIFIC: To contribute to the transformation through improvement of the conceptions, methodology and practices related to: The relevance of higher education. Quality, evaluation and accreditation. Research and development. Outreach activities in business and community and life long learning. The knowledge and use of the new information and communication technology. Management and financing. Export of higher education, and reorientation of international cooperation. Strengthening of open and distance education system. Strengthening of research institutions. Mobilization of resources. Proposals/Recommendations for 11th Five Year Plan A Working Group on Higher Education was set up by the Planning Commission under the Chairmanship of Secretary (HE), vide order no. M-12015/2/2005-Edn. Subsequently, it was decided to constitute seven Sub-Working Groups on the following sectors of higher education:- 1. Central Universities 2. Deemed to be Universities 3. State Universities 4. Col leges 5. Distance Education 6. Quality of Higher Education 7. Research. Tenth Five Year Plan (2000-2005) The year wise allocation and expenditure for the 10th Five Year Plan period was as follows : The Tenth Five Year Plan was fixed at Rs. 30,162 Lakhs. The flow to TSP, SCCP and PWD projects were follows: 1. TSP – 145 Lakhs 2. SCCP – 225 Lakhs 3. P. W. D. – 200 Lakhs During 10th Five Year Plan period the following development works was undertaken by the Govt. : 1. Normalisation of Plan Posts. 2. Establishment of  The K. K. Handique State Open University 3. Introduction of 5 years L. L. B. Courses in B. R. M. Govt. Law College. 4. Establishment of F. M. Radio Station. 5. Introduction of Private University Bill. . Sanction of Rs. 10 Lakhs to each Provincialised colleges and Rs. 4 Lakhs to all provincialised Sanskrit Tols under the scheme â€Å"Buniyad†. 7. Financial assistance to all affiliated Non-Govt. colleges (133 numbers) and 16 Sanskrit tols under â€Å"State Priority Schemes†. Eleventh Five Year Plan (2005-2010) The draft XIth Five Year Plan has been proposed for Rs. 34,175 lakhs. The flow to S. C. C. P proposed for XIth Five Year Plan is Rs. 300 Lakhs. During the current financial year an amount of Rs. 70 Lakhs has been agreed for S. C. C. P for implementation of the above mentioned schemes. For the next financial year 2008-09, an amount of Rs. 1,831 Lakhs has been proposed and the flow to S. C. C. P. is proposed for Rs. 100 Lakhs. III. Major Initiatives in the Eleventh Five Year Plan Let us examine the provisions made in the Plan for the various sectors in Education. This section will also highlight the changes, if any, in the scheme structure and measures taken for better implementation. C. Secondary Education The Central Government has been managing four types of schools that have been allocated the following: Kendriya Vidyalayas (Rs. 1,326 crore), Navodaya Vidyalayas (Rs. 4,067 crore), Central Tibetan Schools (Rs. 6 crore) and National Institute of Open Schooling (Rs. 88 crore). The Union Government scheme ‘Strengthening of Boarding and Hostel Facilities for Girl Students of Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools (Access & Equity)' is to be restructured and merged with the new umbrella scheme of ‘Universalization of Access and Improvement of Quality of Se condary Education'. Further, the erstwhile schemes of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) in schools, girl child incentive, Integrated Education for Disabled Children, Vocational Education, etc. will be subsumed under a new umbrella Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) named SUCCESS. The Eleventh Plan apportions Rs. 9,282 crore to SUCCESS. It is worthwhile here to note that under this scheme it is proposed to set up 6,000 block-level Model Schools at the secondary level which would be largely managed and run by the corporate entities, trusts and reputed private providers. This, when seen in the light of growing share of private schools (from 15% in 1993-94 to 30% in 2004-05) and encouraging establishment of good quality schools in deficient areas in Public Private Partnership ( PPP) mode is reflective of the policy direction of the Planning Commission and the Central Government. Focusing on the girl child, A Girl Child Incentive Scheme with a provision of Rs. 1,326 crore is to be launched on a pilot basis in selected Economically Backward Blocks (EBBs). On the basis of quick evaluation, its expansion will be considered in the Eleventh Plan period. It is proposed that the merger of all girl child incentive schemes will be ensured. Herein, a critical aspect related to school education is teacher education and training. The Plan provides Rs. 3,536 crore to Teacher Education. In this regard, severe gaps have been observed in the management of District Institutes of Education and Training (DIETs). Not only have most of the DIETs been headless, there is also a shortage of quality faculty in DIETs, thereby leaving much to be desired in the quality of teacher training. While the Plan document finds this detrimental to promoting quality in teaching, the solution suggested is heavily dependent on outsourcing the DIET faculty or DIETs adopting the PPP mode. D. Vocational Education The Eleventh Plan apportions Rs. 1,768 crore towards Vocational Education. As part of the strategy adopted by the Plan, there is greater emphasis on the services sector. This apart, over 95% of the unskilled and semi-skilled population will be provided continuous informal training. It is also suggested that a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) system be developed. E. Higher Education Apart from the existing 7 schemes in Higher Education, the Eleventh Plan has provided 9 new schemes along with outlining a Special Plan for Higher Education wherein uncovered regions are provided with Science, Medical and Engineering Universities. The Plan highlights the need for autonomy and accountability in the higher educational institutions and calls for quality improvement. While the Plan observes that there are inherent imbalances due to the private sector focusing on specific disciplines and regions of the country; it is worth noting that the Plan hopes that more than half of the incremental enrolment in higher education is made by private providers, thereby encouraging the role of private unaided higher educational institutions in the country. F. Technical Education In the field of technical education, the Eleventh Plan envisages establishing new institutes of management, technology, industrial research and training, planning and architecture. This apart, upgrading select existing technical institutes is on the anvil. The State technical institutes are also proposed to be strengthened. Another key area that has been highlighted is the lack of adequate polytechnics in the country. With 125 districts not having a single polytechnic, it is suggested that every district be covered, through Central funding as well as with PPP and private funding. Some critical issues with regard to these polytechnics include: static curricula, poor industry interface, lack of flexibility to respond to needs, obsolescence of equipment, lack of trainers and inadequate funding. Limitations in the Eleventh Five Year Plan with Regard to Provisions for Education â€Å"The Eleventh Plan would be a Quality Plan in respect of the education sector. † – Eleventh Five Year Plan While some advances have been made towards ensuring the basic issues of access, retention and quality is met, some problems persist. The Plan seems to adopt a piecemeal approach as there are multiple schemes having multiple goals and a constant friction persists between the Centre and the States with regard to funding norms allowing scant progress in terms of outcomes. The Eleventh Plan is increasingly stressing on privatisation in elementary and secondary, higher and technical education sectors in education. PPP is being seen as the preferred route to financing and implementing schemes. Another distressing trend observed in the Plan document is the encouragement given to private players ranging from setting up educational institutions and suggestions to outsource DIET faculty, establishing private polytechnics, etc. Further, acknowledgment of the need to levy (user charges) fees even in public (government-run) schools is worth noting. This, when seen in the light of the Plan proposing to be a Quality Plan, also proves to be contradictory as illustrated by specific instances. In the elementary sector, the Plan continues to seek the participation of teachers in implementing the MDM scheme thereby denying quality teaching to pupils. Under adult education, low motivation and lack of training of voluntary teachers is hardly seen as encouraging quality concerns. Increasing role of public private participation in secondary schools and continuing to have four types of public-funded schools, instead of having a common system of school, also do not promote uniform quality education. With regard to addressing gender concerns, initiatives focusing on Muslim women need to be enhanced. There is also a fear that having multiple schemes with divergent goals (vocational training ranging from small scale entrepreneurial development to computer literacy, etc. ) might dilute the primary objectives of ensuring education and training of uniform quality for all.

Free Essays on Tears, Idyle Tears

"The days that are no more". This recurring sentence is the frame of each stanza and of the poem itself. Does it refer to death ? Or is it a mere yearning for the past ? Fisrt stanza : The first word of the poem being "tears" is significant because it highlights the subject matter of the poem. Throughout the poem Tennyson explores the reasons for his tears to find out why he is experiencing them. Tennyson uses an oxymoron (divine /despair) when he describes them as : "Tears from the depth of some divine despair" The word 'divine' has religious connotations as it means heavenly or sacred, but 'despair' seems opposite as it means to lose all hope ; the poet is describing very powerful emotions. I feel that the speaker is saying that one of the possible reasons for his tears is the loss of hope in God. The alliteration of the consonant 'd' creates a sense of rhythm. Tennyson uses nature imagery when he says : "In looking on the happy Autumn-fields," The image is made stronger by the use of personification, which makes it seem as if the fields themselves are happy, although it is just the feeling they evoke in the speaker. Tennyson uses a paradox because he is describing emotions that contradict each other, despair and happiness. The end of the last line of each stanza is : "the days that are no more" This creates a pattern in the poem and also acts as a summary to each stanza, and to the poem as a whole, because the speaker discovers that the reasons for his tears are his thoughts about "the days that are no more". This could mean death, or just simply moments in the past that you can't get back again. Second stanza : Tennyson says: "Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail," The freshness of memories is what is being desc... Free Essays on Tears, Idyle Tears Free Essays on Tears, Idyle Tears Introduction : "Tears, idle tears" is a poem written in blank verse – unrhymed iambic pentameter. It consists of four five-line stanzas, each of which closes with the words "The days that are no more". This recurring sentence is the frame of each stanza and of the poem itself. Does it refer to death ? Or is it a mere yearning for the past ? Fisrt stanza : The first word of the poem being "tears" is significant because it highlights the subject matter of the poem. Throughout the poem Tennyson explores the reasons for his tears to find out why he is experiencing them. Tennyson uses an oxymoron (divine /despair) when he describes them as : "Tears from the depth of some divine despair" The word 'divine' has religious connotations as it means heavenly or sacred, but 'despair' seems opposite as it means to lose all hope ; the poet is describing very powerful emotions. I feel that the speaker is saying that one of the possible reasons for his tears is the loss of hope in God. The alliteration of the consonant 'd' creates a sense of rhythm. Tennyson uses nature imagery when he says : "In looking on the happy Autumn-fields," The image is made stronger by the use of personification, which makes it seem as if the fields themselves are happy, although it is just the feeling they evoke in the speaker. Tennyson uses a paradox because he is describing emotions that contradict each other, despair and happiness. The end of the last line of each stanza is : "the days that are no more" This creates a pattern in the poem and also acts as a summary to each stanza, and to the poem as a whole, because the speaker discovers that the reasons for his tears are his thoughts about "the days that are no more". This could mean death, or just simply moments in the past that you can't get back again. Second stanza : Tennyson says: "Fresh as the first beam glittering on a sail," The freshness of memories is what is being desc...

How to Identify People by Name

How to Identify People by Name How to Identify People by Name How to Identify People by Name By Mark Nichol How does one introduce a person in narrative nonfiction? What is the style for subsequent references to that person? It all depends on the circumstances of the person and of the content. In biographical content, it is common to name someone on first reference by birth name, including middle name(s) and independent suffixes such as Sr. or III, but this formal version need not be used again, except in a rare circumstance I’ll mention below. Normally, however, the first and last name will suffice, unless a historical personage is generally identified otherwise, such as in the case of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. A biographical treatment, however, might begin with an anecdote from the subject’s youth or young adulthood, and this excerpt might identify the person at first and on second reference (this editorial term refers not just to the second instance but all subsequent mentions) with a diminutive for example, Bobby in place of Robert or a nickname. Then, once the anecdote is complete, the first reference to the main body of the text will formally identify the subject. And what about second reference? An intimate portrait, or a portion referring to the subject’s childhood, might use the first name alone or a diminutive or a nickname. In most cases, however, the subject’s surname will be employed. Exceptions are figures with extended surnames who are known simply by a single element of that surname, such as Spanish artist Pablo Diego Ruiz y Picasso, popularly known as Pablo Picasso or even just Picasso, and French diplomat Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Pà ©rigord, known to history as Talleyrand. (These two men are among a small number of historical figures known simply by their last name, though their full names are generally used on first reference unless the person is not the primary subject of the text and is mentioned merely in passing: â€Å"Smith was no Picasso†; â€Å"Jones aspired to be the next Talleyrand.†) When else should a full name be used after the first reference? If the person is being discussed as a type, or the writer is referring to the subject being self-referential, the full name perhaps including middle name(s) and/or a suffix is often applied: â€Å"Jones suggested it to Smith. . . . John James Smith was not the kind of person to ignore a challenge like that.† What are the guidelines for when a person is mentioned occasionally? They can be only guidelines, rather than rules, because one must use one’s judgment depending on the length and organization of the content and on the frequency and placement of references to the person. For example, if a person is mentioned in only one chapter or at most a few sequential chapters of a book, the last name alone should suffice on second reference. But if a person not central to the narrative reappears after an interval of a section or a chapter or more, the full name should be used to reacquaint readers with this person. If the person is mentioned only a handful of times throughout a long report or a book, full identification might be best on each occasion. The writer must decide based on the person’s familiarity and the person’s significance to the narrative. (Another consideration is the presence of other people sharing that person’s surname.) Writers can also vary second reference by using personal pronouns and by judicious use of nicknames or epithets (for example, â€Å"the Wizard of Menlo Park,† for Thomas Edison). Other possibilities are occasional use of first and second initials, or even all initials, for those people popularly known by such appellations, such as JFK for John F. Kennedy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?Used To vs. Use ToHow often is "bimonthly"?

Philosophy of Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy of Nursing Leadership - Essay Example According to Burns (1978), transformational leadership is an approach that gears to a collective purpose in empowering one another to achieve a preferred future, transforming both the leader and the follower into a higher level. According to Kelly-Heidenthal (2003), the team is geared to work together for a collective purpose by empowering others to achieve a preferred future which is the transformation of both the leader and the follower to a higher level. According to Bennis and Nanus (1985), the goal of the team is to convert followers into leaders, and leaders into â€Å"change agents†. There are literatures that manifest the principles of this theory. The study of Kennedy and Lyndon (2008) shows that in spite of the existence of tensions in maternity care, an improvement of evidence-based practice can be resolved by the partnership of the nurse and the midwife in resolving differences in philosophies in caring, safe practice, communication and respect. Another one is the study of Silen et al (2008) wherein seeking support from the team and acceptance of the situation (compromise) will manage the nurses’ distress and dilemmas, so as to prevent its negative consequences to the quality of care.