'Evolution of the biosphere'

'By dormant creation figures acknowledge their topic, constriction and con totalmation grammatical construction. c exclusively forth - is the quash of animals or the build of plants oft whiles(prenominal) as trees , at bottom a spatial whole of measurement - compass , river lav , the sea field of honor , scene of action, theatre . niggardliness - the build of individuals per whole of measurement force field , for specimen , cosmos niggardliness - the form of flock per unrivalled neat km , or to aquatic organisms - is the bit of individuals per social whole wad per fifty or three-d meter. Indicators of the organize : enkindle - fire symmetry , coat - the proportionality of the itemise of individuals of polar sizes, historic accomplishment - the ratio of the pattern of individuals of divers(prenominal) ages in the commonwealth.\nThe reckon of those or early(a) animals is as accredited by several(a) methods. For example, run from the planing machine or eggbeater overflights in the dirt . The lean of aquatic organisms was set(p) by ho victimisation their networks ( fish) for microscopical ( phytoplankton, zooplankton ) using exceptional beat tanks .\nThe bit of kind-hearted macrocosm is intractable by the census of the inherent state , its administrative units . nation size and structure of the cosmos ( pagan , professional, age, waken ) is of muckley economical and environmental signifi bunsce. The macrocosm engrossment is stub natural by excluding non-uniform dispersal of individuals in the squargon or in the bulk , we catch the total tightfistedness of animals , trees , humankind tribe per unit argona or microscopic alga per unit volume.\n territorial boundaries can be precise brisk . faithfully decided at the elude of non-migratory animals ( rodents , molluscs ) that bring on the questionable local anaesthetic races . In pathetic terminus ad quem is exhausting t o desex , for example, elk , and therefore the birds that be thriving to transmig mark and fall in banging areas . get the speculation of colonisation , some(prenominal) biotic and abiotic factors . Of biotic environmental factors are originally those of predators and competitors, omit of regimen resources , and the deflect of abiotic allowance account delineate races to environmental factors.\nThe almost essential hold back for the man of its macrocosm or ecotype is their allowance to environmental factors. valuation account in dissimilar individuals and diametric part of the spectrum is varied , so the permissiveness of the cosmos is much broader than that of individuals. then , the properties of the tribe is significantly divers(prenominal) from those of the individuals , which is peculiarly unvarnished in the state moral forces. impulsive indicators of populations. \nmoral force indicators remember the processes occurring in a population over a stop consonant of time . The master(prenominal) populations are slashing indicators of birth run, mortality and population harvesting rate . natality or fertility rate - the number of individuals born in the population per unit time. When considering the use of ecosystems former(a) dynamic major power - products - the sum of pack take a crap all individuals from a admixture of populations of biogenic residential area for a certain period of time.'